Case-Based
Reasoning
Learning by
Recording
Cases
Case-Based
Reasoning
Analogical
Reasoning
Explanation
-
Based
Learning
Analogi
cal
Reasoning
Lesson Preview
•
Need for case-based
reasoning
•
Case adaptation, evaluation,
and
storage
•
Case retrieval revisit
ed
•
Advanced case-based reasoning
?
What color is this block?
Orange
Block W
orld
Blue
Orange
Purple
Black
Green
Red
What color is this block?
Block W
orld
Blue
Orange
Purple
Black
Green
Red
D
Q
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving
a case
from
memory
similar
to the
current
problem
Adapting the
solution
to that
case
to fit the
current
problem
Evaluation
Evaluating
how
well
the adapt
ed solution
addresses the
current
problem
Storage
Storing
the new
problem
and
solution
as a case
Assumptions of Case-Based
Reasoning
•
Patterns exist in the world
•
Similar problems have
similar solution
s
Assumptions of Case-Based
Reasoning
•
Patterns exist in the world
•
Similar problems have
similar solution
s
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving
a case
from
memory
similar
to the
current
problem
Adapting the
solution
to that
case
to fit the
current
problem
Evaluation
Evaluating
how
well
the adapt
ed solution
addresses the
current
problem
Storage
Storing
the new
problem
and
solution
as a case
Offi
ce
Restaurant
Offi
ce
Doctor
Restaurant
Offi
ce
Doctor
Restaurant
Offi
ce
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Offi
ce
Home
Restaurant
Offi
ce
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving
a case
from
memory
similar
to the
current
problem
Adapting the
solution
to that
case
to fit the
current
problem
Evaluation
Evaluating
how
well
the adapt
ed solution
addresses the
current
problem
Storage
Storing
the new
problem
and
solution
as a case
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving
a case
from
memory
similar
to the
current
problem
Adapting the
solution
to that
case
to fit the
current
problem
Evaluation
Evaluating
how
well
the adapt
ed solution
addresses the
current
problem
Storage
Storing
the new
problem
and
solution
as a case
X
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
A
B
C
D
Is the origin
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
A
B
C
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
X
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
Is the origin
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
A
B
C
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
X
A
B
Is the origin
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
A
B
C
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
X
East
of 3
E
?
Y
es
No
X
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
A
B
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
Is the origin
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
B
C
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
East
of 3
E
?
Y
es
No
X
A
A
X
B
ο
ο
ο
ο
Under
which branch
should
case Y be
stored?
Is the origin
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
B
C
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
East
of 3
E
?
Y
es
No
Y
A
X
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
X
A
B
Under
which branch
should
case Y be
stored?
Is the origin
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
B
C
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
East
of 3
E
?
Y
es
No
Y
East
of
_
E
?
X
A
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
X
A
Y
es
No
B
Where
should this branch
be div
ided for
maximum
differentiation?
Is the origin
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
B
C
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
East
of 3
E
?
Y
es
No
Y
East
of 2
E
?
X
A
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
X
A
Y
es
No
B
Where
should this branch
be div
ided for
maximum
differentiation?
Is the destination
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
D
A
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
B
East
of 9
E
?
Y
es
No
D
X
Y
ο
ο
ο
ο
Under
which branch
will
case Z be sto
red?
Is the destination
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
D
A
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
B
East
of 9
E
?
Y
es
No
D
X
Y
X
Under
which branch
will
case Z be sto
red?
Is the destination
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
No
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
East
of 9
E
?
Y
es
No
D
X
Y
____
of
_
_
?
A
Y
es
No
B
Z
Y
es
No
Where
should this branch
be div
ided for
maximum
differentiation?
Is the destination
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
No
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
B
East
of 9
E
?
Y
es
No
D
X
Y
Z
North
of 8
N
?
A
Y
es
No
Y
es
No
Where
should this branch
be div
ided for
maximum
differentiation?
X
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
A
B
Route
Origin
X
Origin
Y
A
3
E
9
N
B
4
E
1
N
C
7
E
9
N
D
8
E
4
N
X
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
A
B
Route
Origin
X
Origin
Y
A
3
E
9
N
B
4
E
1
N
C
7
E
9
N
D
8
E
4
N
X
4
E
6
N
Route
Origin
X
Origin
Y
A
3
E
9
N
B
4
E
1
N
C
7
E
9
N
D
8
E
4
N
X
4
E
6
N
Y
1
E
9
N
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
X
A
B
What tags should
be used
for case Y?
Route
Destination
X
Destination
Y
A
10
E
8
N
B
1
E
8
N
C
10
E
4
N
D
2
E
1
N
X
8
E
2
N
Y
8
E
2
N
Z
1
E
9
N
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
What tags should
be used
for case Z?
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving
a case
from
memory
similar
to the
current
problem
Adapting the
solution
to that
case
to fit the
current
problem
Evaluation
Evaluating
how
well
the adapt
ed solution
addresses the
current
problem
Storage
Storing
the new
problem
and
solution
as a case
Route
Destination
X
Destination
Y
A
10
E
8
N
B
1
E
8
N
C
10
E
4
N
D
2
E
1
N
X
8
E
2
N
Y
8
E
2
N
Z
1
E
9
N
Is the origin
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
B
C
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
East
of 3
E
?
Y
es
No
Y
East
of 2
E
?
X
A
Y
es
No
Is the origin
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
B
C
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
East
of 3
E
?
Y
es
No
Y
East
of 2
E
?
X
A
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
Y
es
No
What case
should be
retrieved
and adapt
ed?
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
Is the origin
North of 5
N
?
East
of 5
E
?
East
of 5
E
?
B
C
D
Y
es
No
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
East
of 3
E
?
Y
es
No
Y
East
of 2
E
?
X
A
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
Y
es
No
What case
should be
retrieved
and adapt
ed?
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
Y
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
Route
Destination
X
Destination
Y
A
10
E
8
N
B
1
E
8
N
C
10
E
4
N
D
2
E
1
N
X
8
E
2
N
Y
8
E
2
N
Z
1
E
9
N
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
What case
should be
retrieved
and adapt
ed?
0
E
1
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
10
E
0
N
1
N
2
N
3
N
4
N
5
N
6
N
7
N
8
N
9
N
10
N
Route
Destination
X
Destination
Y
A
10
E
8
N
B
1
E
8
N
C
10
E
4
N
D
2
E
1
N
X
8
E
2
N
Y
8
E
2
N
Z
1
E
9
N
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
What case
should be
retrieved
and adapt
ed?
C
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Evaluation
found
the solutio
n failed;
try adapting
again
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Evaluation
found
the solutio
n failed;
try retriev
ing
a
different solutio
n
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
The retrieved
solution
could not
be adapted;
retrieve
a different
solution
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Retrieved case
perfect
ly matches
current problem;
no
adaptation needed
Assignment
How would you use case-based reasonin
g to design an
agent that could answer Raven’s Progressive Matrices?
To recap…
•
Case adaptation
•
Case evaluation
•
Case storage
•
Case retrieval revisit
ed
•
Advanced case-based reasoning